Greyhound racing

Policy

The welfare of all greyhounds must be ensured where greyhound breeding, rearing, training and racing occurs. Veterinarians must be involved in all aspects of the greyhound racing industry to protect the health and welfare of the animals.

An accurate and reliable national database capable of tracking the entire life cycle of each greyhound must be maintained. This must be in combination with comprehensive codes of practice and associated legislation to ensure the welfare of the animals, with vigorous enforcement by an independent governing authority.

Live animals must never be used as bait for training or “blooding” of greyhounds.

Background

Approximately 40% of all greyhound pups in Australia are not named and therefore do not race.1 A further 10-20% may be named, but do not go on to race. Many of these will be euthanased rather than rehomed. Those that do race are often euthanased once they are retired from racing. This unacceptably high rate of wastage is of genuine public concern.
 
Greyhounds, like other dog breeds, are social animals. However many are currently bred and reared under commercial conditions where socialisation and training are not conducive to eventual rehoming as companion animals. It is well recognised that inadequate socialisation and habituation can lead to fear and stress, and impact negatively on successful rehoming. 2,3,4,5
 
Implementation of a national rule mandating euthanasia by a veterinarian was important progress towards higher animal welfare standards in greyhound racing. However, it needs to be closely monitored and rigorously enforced to ensure its effectiveness. Inadequate data collection and tracking contributes to the current lack of confidence that the industry will uphold this rule.
 
In addition to the high rate of attrition and euthanasia of greyhounds, there are problems including training and racing injuries, inappropriate use of performance-enhancing drugs, revelations of use of live-baiting or “blooding” as a training method, and poor welfare outcomes for greyhounds exported to other countries.

Recommendations

Regulation
An independent regulatory authority should be established to oversee and enforce animal welfare standards for the whole industry. Those on the board of an independent authority must include at least one AVA nominated veterinarian to ensure the interests of greyhounds and all other animals are appropriately protected.
 
Whole of life welfare
Legislation and industry codes must be developed to ensure the welfare of greyhounds for their entire life, from breeding and rearing stages through training, racing and eventual retirement and rehoming. An accurate and reliable national database capable of tracking the entire life cycle of each greyhound must be maintained in order to monitor compliance. Veterinary involvement at all stages of greyhounds’ lives is key, including advice on breeding, early socialisation, routine preventative health care, humane training practices, injury prevention and treatment, and post-racing welfare. Schemes which enhance whole-of-life welfare for greyhounds should be factored into any state funding and industry financial planning. This would include adequate funding for regular kennel /property inspections and to ensure the detection of banned substances remains current and responsive. Out of competition testing for banned substances must be expanded.
 
Veterinarians should:
  • advocate for welfare improvements for all greyhounds through education and cultural change
  • promote and participate in research into the science of greyhound medicine, surgery and performance, and
  • liaise with local, state and national governing bodies as the primary source of expertise on greyhound health and welfare
Breeding, rearing
Legislation and codes of practice should be developed to address the lack of standards for breeding and rearing of greyhounds. Solutions would include licensing of breeders, adoption of enforceable breeder standards and regular inspection of breeding establishments to ensure compliance. All greyhounds must be provided with appropriate environmental enrichment and opportunities to socialise with a range of different environmental situations, people and other animals from an early age. This will enhance their welfare and improve their chances of eventual rehoming.
 
Training
Revelations of live baiting being used as a training method demonstrated serious shortcomings in the attitude of industry participants toward animal welfare, and a failure by the industry to adequately investigate, address and remedy unacceptable animal welfare practices. An independent regulatory authority is necessary to protect the interests of all animals involved in this industry. Proactive monitoring must be implemented and compliance strictly enforced. Education of industry participants about acceptable methods of training using non-animal devices is essential.
 
Injuries
There is a need for accurate and reliable data collection on injuries sustained both on and off the track. The incidence of race day injuries is relatively high and those sustained during trial events, when a veterinarian is not present, are unknown under the current system. The attendance of a veterinarian at all trial tracks should be mandatory. The AGV injury treatment guidelines must apply to trial tracks as well as race tracks (link)
 
Retirement and Adoption Programs
The industry must collaborate more effectively with veterinarians, scientists and other experts to adequately address causative factors of the high rate of greyhound euthanasia and wastage. Breeding, rearing and training practices must be conducive to eventual rehoming of greyhounds to reduce euthanasia rates.
 
There should be zero tolerance for the practice of surrendering greyhounds to pounds or shelters when they are no longer considered “useful” for racing. Nor should dogs be inhumanely killed, euthanased, or given away without being neutered or undergoing a behavioural assessment. While industry-funded greyhound adoption programs are very worthwhile, they currently only assist a relatively small percentage of available animals. To address public concerns regarding the current highly funded focus on a relatively small percentage of dogs, the greyhound racing industry should strive to create a national retirement program that offers a wider range of services to a larger number of dogs, such as behavioural assessment, health care and neutering. Cooperation with other prominent adoption groups may be appropriate. It is recommended that this be nationally coordinated and industry-funded through a specific levy at pup registration.
 
Export
Export of greyhounds should be assessed on a case by case basis. Export of greyhounds to countries which lack robust animal welfare standards is not supported.
 
Greyhounds should only be permitted to be exported to destinations where the welfare of each individual greyhound will be guaranteed. Destinations must have acceptable animal protection laws, acceptable standards of care, acceptable living/racing conditions, formal rehoming programs and lifecycle tracking systems. Where these measures are not in place, greyhounds should not be exported. Stringent government regulated export standards are urgently needed.
 

Other relevant policies and position statements

Philosophy on animal welfare and the veterinarian
Socially responsible companion animal ownership
Use of horses for entertainment
 
Date of ratification by the AVA Board: 23 July 2015
 

References: 

  1. Greyhounds Australasia statistics, www.galtd.org.au/GreyhoundsAustralasia/
  2. Cortisol and behavioral responses to enrichment in military working dogs Diane Lefebvre, Jean-Marie Giffroy, Claire Diederich, J Ethol (2009) 27:255–265
  3. TECHNICAL NOTE; The effect of feeding enrichment upon reported working ability and behavior of kennelled working dogs Samantha A. Gaines,1,2 Ph.D.; Nicola J. Rooney,2 Ph.D.; and John W.S. Bradshaw,2 Ph.D. J Forensic Sci, November 2008, Vol. 53, No. 6
  4. A practitioner’s guide to working dog welfare Nicola Rooney, BSc, PGCE, PhDa, Samantha Gaines, BSc, MSc, PhD Elly Hiby, BSc, PhD. Journal of Veterinary Behavior (2009) 4, 127-134
  5. Puppy socialisation and habituation, why it is important. David Appleby. Association of Pet Behaviour Counsellors, www.apbc.org.uk

 

Date of ratification by the AVA Board: 
23 July 2015

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